Sexual Risk Behaviors In Adolescents Research Articles

Prevention of risky sexual behavior in primary healthcare: a best practice implementation project.

Sexually transmitted infections are a public health problem affecting 45% of adolescents and young adults worldwide. The evidence suggests that primary care settings are uniquely positioned to provide an opportunity for these preventive interventions. The aim of this project is to improve nurses' interventions for preventing risky sexual behaviors in adolescents attending nursing consultations in a primary healthcare unit. An audit and feedback were conducted by the JBI Model and Implementation Framework. Five audit criteria representing best practice recommendations for preventing risky sexual behaviors in adolescents were used. Barriers to compliance with the best practices were identified, and strategies were adopted to overcome them. A follow-up audit was conducted using the same approach as the baseline audit. Compliance rates improved in four criteria from baseline audit to follow-up audit. Through auditing and feedback, evidence-based interventions were implemented to prevent sexual risk behavior in adolescents in primary care settings. Further best practice implementation projects should be conducted to improve adolescent health outcomes.

The longitudinal association between sexual violence victimization and sexual risk behavior in adolescence

Being a victim of sexual violence (SV) is generally believed to be associated with subsequent sexual risk behavior (SRB) during adolescence. While this assumption makes intuitive sense, it is based on methodologically limited research, including a reliance on cross-sectional data. To address this gap in research, we test whether experiencing SV victimization in early adolescence is associated with self-reported SRB approximately two years later. The sample comprised 4,618 youth (58% female; 52% Hispanic; 39% Black) attending 44 schools in the southern United States. Self-reported data were collected using an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI). Baseline data were collected when students were in 7th or 8th grade and follow-up data were collected approximately 24 months later when students were in 9th or 10th grade. Indices of SRB included behaviors related to oral, vaginal, and anal sex (e.g., number of partners, number of times without a condom). Girls, but not boys, who reported SV victimization at baseline reported engaging more frequently in all oral and vaginal SRBs at 24 month follow-up compared to their non-victimized female counterparts. Additionally, girls reporting SV victimization reported more anal sex partners than non-victimized girls. Girls who are victims of SV engage in significantly more SRB by early high school placing them at greater risk to contract STIs and become pregnant. Victims of SV should be screened for SRB and provided access to the appropriate resources. Teen pregnancy and STI prevention planning should consider SV victimization in their strategy planning.

Pornography Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Pornography Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Childhood Adversity, Impulsivity, and HIV Knowledge as Predictors of Sexual Risk Outcomes in At-Risk Female Youth.

Sexual risk behavior in adolescence can lead to adverse health consequences, particularly for female youth. Most interventions focus on imparting knowledge about the consequences of such behaviors, even though little research has examined whether increasing such knowledge results in desired behavioral changes. Further, individual factors such as impulsivity and childhood adversity might moderate this relationship. We examined associations between HIV knowledge and sexual risk behavior and condom use efficacy in a sample of 122 at-risk females, aged 13-18. HIV knowledge was unrelated to sexual risk behavior, but positively related to condom use efficacy. Impulsivity and childhood adversity had direct effects, with no interaction effects. Increasing HIV knowledge may play an important role in promoting proximal predictors of safer sex practices.

Illness, Social Disadvantage, and Sexual Risk Behavior in Adolescence and the Transition to Adulthood.

This study investigated the influence of illness on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and the transition to adulthood, both directly and through moderation of the impact of social disadvantage. We hypothesized positive effects for social disadvantages and illness on sexual risk behavior, consistent with the development of faster life history strategies among young people facing greater life adversity. Using the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we developed a mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model predicting sexual risk behavior in three comparisons: risky nonmonogamous sex versus safer nonmonogamous sex, versus monogamous sex, and versus being sexually inactive, by social characteristics, illness, interactions thereof, and control covariates. Multiple imputation was used to address a modest amount of missing data. Subjects reporting higher levels of illness had lower odds of having safer nonmonogamous sex (OR = 0.84, p < .001), monogamous sex (OR = 0.82, p < .001), and being sexually inactive (OR = 0.74, p < .001) versus risky nonmonogamous sex, relative to subjects in better health. Illness significantly moderated the sex (OR = 0.88, p < .01), race/ethnicity (e.g., OR = 1.21, p < .001), and childhood SES (OR = 0.94; p < .01) effects for the sexually inactive versus risky nonmonogamous sex comparison. Substantive findings were generally robust across waves and in sensitivity analyses. These findings offer general support for the predictions of life history theory. Illness and various social disadvantages are associated with increased sexual risk behavior in adolescence and the transition to adulthood. Further, analyses indicate that the buffering effects of several protective social statuses against sexual risk-taking are substantially eroded by illness.

The relationship of parents' communication patterns and peer-group interaction with sexual risk behavior in adolescents.

Sexual risk behavior in adolescents is a serious problem and is increasing in Indonesia. This study aimed to explain the relationship of parents' communication patterns and peer-group interaction with sexual risk behavior in adolescents in Surabaya. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample of 106 adolescents was obtained by cluster random sampling. The inclusion criteria were 15-18 years of age and those living with parents. Data were collected using parents' communication pattern questionnaire, peer-group interaction questionnaire and sexual risk behavior questionnaire, and were then analyzed using Spearman's rho statistical test. There was a relationship between parents' communication patterns (p = 0.000; r = -0.586) and peer-group interaction (p = 0.000; r = -0.565) with sexual risk behavior in adolescents. Open and two-way communication between parents and adolescents needs to be developed so that adolescents can develop good behavior. The development of a program to prevent sexual risk behavior needs to be done especially in adolescents' peer groups to prevent the negative impact of peers in the spread of sexual content in adolescents in their groups.

HUBUNGAN KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT PELAKSANA

Kinerja perawat merupakan hasil yang dicapai dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit. Terciptanya asuhan keperawatan yang optimal sangat diperlukan dukungan dari pihak rumah sakit salah satunya adalah menciptakan kualitas kehidupan kerja baik bagi perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja terhadap kinerja perawat pelaksana di RSUD Teluk Kuantan. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 120 responden yang diperoleh melalui proportionate simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas kehidupan kerja perawat RSUD Teluk Kuantan berada pada kategori sedang, kinerja perawat berada pada kategori kurang baik. Berdasarkan analisis kedua variabel teridentifikasi bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana dengan  p value 0,817. Dimensi work context merupakan komponen yang memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana dengan p value 0,008, dimensi work life  tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kinerja perawat. Kesimpulan penelitian diketahui tidak ada hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana. Ada hubungan dimensi work context dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana. Tidak ada hubungan dimensi work life dengan kinerja perawat.&#x0D;  &#x0D; Kata kunci: kualitas kehidupan kerja, kinerja, perawat pelaksana&#x0D;  &#x0D; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND THE PERFORMANCE OF IMPLEMENTERS NURSES&#x0D;  &#x0D; ABSTRACT&#x0D; Nurse performance is the result achieved in implementing nursing care in a hospital. The creation of optimal nursing care is very much needed support from the hospital, one of which is to create a good quality of work life for nurses. This study aims to determine the relationship between the quality of work life and the performance of nurses at the Kuantan District Hospital. This type of quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The number of samples of 120 respondents obtained through proportionate simple random sampling. The results showed that the quality of work life of nurses at the Kuantan District Hospital was in the medium category, the nurses' performance was in the unfavorable category. Based on the analysis of the two variables, it was identified that there was no relationship between the quality of work life with the performance of implementing nurses with a p value of 0.817. The work context dimension is a component that has a relationship with the performance of nurses implementing with p value 0.008, the dimension of work life does not significantly correlate with nurse performance. The conclusion of the research is that there is no relationship between the quality of work life and the performance of the implementing nurses. There is a relationship between the dimensions of the work context and the performance of the nurses. There is no relationship between the dimensions of work life and nurse performance.&#x0D;  &#x0D; Keywords: quality of work life, performance, implementers nurse

Early Adversity and Sexual Risk in Adolescence: Externalizing Behaviors as a Mediator.

Sexual risk behavior in adolescence can result in serious health consequences that persist across the lifespan, particularly for female youth. While adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to engagement in sexual risk behavior later in life, little research has examined pathways that may help explain this association. To address this gap, the present study examined whether internalizing and externalizing behaviors mediated the link between (ACEs) and sexual risk behavior in female youth. We examined data from 122 adolescent girls, ages 13-18, who were involved in the juvenile justice system or receiving social supports from local agencies and schools. Girls were asked to report their exposure to ACEs and engagement in sexual risk behavior and caregivers were asked to report on girls' internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Regression analyses indicated that girls who experienced more ACEs and exhibited more externalizing behaviors demonstrated higher rates of sexual risk. Further, externalizing behaviors partially mediated the association between ACEs and sexual risk behavior. Findings suggest that increased exposure to ACEs and higher incidence of externalizing behaviors may place girls at heightened risk for sexual risk behavior. Interventions aimed at decreasing externalizing behaviors may be particularly important in reducing sexual risk behavior among at-risk female youth.

Brief Motivational Interviewing Delivered by Clinician or Computer to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescents: Acceptability Study.

BackgroundClinicians are expected to screen their adolescent patients for an increasing number of health behaviors and intervene when they uncover risky behaviors, yet, the clinic time allotted to screen, intervene, and provide resources is insufficient. Brief motivational interviewing (MI) offers succinct behavior change counseling; however, for implementation, clinicians need training, skill, and time. Computerized screening and counseling adjuvants may help clinicians increase their scope of behavioral screening, especially with sensitive topics such as sexual health, and provide risk-reduction interventions without consuming provider time during visits.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to (1) understand the extent to which health care providers use brief MI for sexual health discussions with adolescent patients and (2) assess the acceptability of incorporating a brief MI-based intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors into their clinical practice delivered by either themselves or a computer.MethodsAt a national medical conference, surveys were administered to clinicians who provide sexual health care to adolescents. They were asked about their current use of MI for sexual risk behavior discussions and their willingness to implement computerized sexual health screening and computerized sexual risk behavior interventions into their clinical practice.ResultsThe large majority (87.6%, 170/194) of clinicians already used MI with their patients with less than half (72/148, 48.6%) reporting they had been formally trained in MI. Despite all (195/195, 100.0%) clinicians feeling very or completely comfortable discussing sexual risk behaviors with their patients, the large majority (160/195, 82.1%) reported it would be useful, very useful, or extremely useful for a computerized program to do it all: screen their patients, generate risk profiles, and provide the risk-reduction counseling rather than doing it themselves.ConclusionsIn this study, most clinicians used some form of brief MI or client-centered counseling when discussing sexual risk behaviors with adolescents and are very comfortable doing so. However, the large majority would prefer to implement computerized sexual health screening, risk assessment, and sexual risk behavior interventions into their clinical care of adolescents.

Conflicto interparental desde la perspectiva de los hijos y conductas sexuales de riesgo en adolescentes en una Institución Educativa de las Moras, Huánuco

El objetivo del estudio fue “Determinar la relación que existe entre el conflicto interparental desde la perspectiva de los hijos y las conductas sexuales de riesgo en adolescentes en una institución educativa de Las Moras, Huánuco-2017. Se aplicó un estudio de tipo descriptivo-prospectivo y correlacional. La muestra fueron 133 adolescentes y jóvenes entre 14 y 20 años en quienes se aplicó la Escala de Conflicto Interparental desde la Perspectiva de los Hijos (CPIC) y un cuestionario sobre conductas sexuales de riesgo. Los resultados demostraron mayores porcentajes en: sexo femenino 51,88%; edades de 16 y 17 años con 29,3% y 22,6%; tipo de familia completa 63,2%, consejos de sexualidad de amigos 30,8% y obteniendo información de la institución educativa 59,4%; el 10% ha recibido maltrato familiar; en las conductas de riesgo; el 26,3% ha iniciado relaciones coitales, la edad de inicio fue de 16 años; el 51,4% con una sola pareja, y el preservativo fue el método de mayor uso, 48,6%; un riesgo de conducta sexual alta, 30,1%, una percepción media de conflicto interparental de 55,2%. Se concluyó, que existe relación significativa baja entre las variables de estudio con un valor de “Tau b” de Kendall de 0,238 y un valor de p=0,003.

Sexism and sexual risk behavior in adolescents: Gender differences

Background/Objective: This study examines whether there are differences in the maintenance of ambivalent sexist beliefs on the basis of gender and sexual experience in adolescents. The study also investigates whether the sexist beliefs themselves are linked to sexual risk behaviors. Method: A representative sample of 2,703 Spanish adolescents was carried out in public and private secondary schools, with an age range of 14 to 20 years old (M = 15.89; SD = 1.29). Results: Males maintain more hostile, benevolent and ambivalent sexist beliefs compared to females. Sexual experience (both coital and non-coital) is linked to a greater degree of hostile and benevolent sexist beliefs, but only within the male group. In males, greater benevolent sexism is linked to vaginal sex initiation at an earlier age, while greater hostile sexism is linked to a lower proportion of condom use. In females, greater hostile sexism is linked to a greater number of sex partners. Conclusions: It is necessary to include specific actions on sexist beliefs in programs for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV.

A neuroscience perspective on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Late adolescence and emerging adulthood (specifically ages 15-24) represent a period of heightened sexual risk taking resulting in the greatest annual rates of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies in the US population. Ongoing efforts to prevent such negative consequences are likely to benefit from a deepening of our understanding of biological mechanisms through which sexual risk taking emerges and biases decision making during this critical window. Here we present a neuroscience framework from which a mechanistic examination of sexual risk taking can be advanced. Specifically, we adapt the neurodevelopmental triadic model, which outlines how motivated behavior is governed by three systems: approach, avoidance, and regulation, to sexual decision making and subsequent risk behavior. We further propose a testable hypothesis of the triadic model, wherein relatively decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity and increased reward-related ventral striatum reactivity leads to sexual risk taking, which is particularly exaggerated during adolescence and young adulthood when there is an overexpression of dopaminergic neurons coupled with immature top-down prefrontal cortex regulation. We conclude by discussing how future research based on our adapted triadic model can inform ongoing efforts to improve intervention and prevention efforts.

Effective Evidence-Based Programs For Preventing Sexually-Transmitted Infections: A Meta-Analysis.

Educational programs for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have often been implemented in different settings and populations. Mathematica Policy Research and Child Trends conducted a systematic review of 289 evidence-based interventions aiming to reduce STIs and sexual risk behavior in adolescents in the United States. These interventions were published between 1989 and 2012. We conducted a meta-analysis of the interventions that assessed incidence of STIs at follow up, and we identified key characteristics of successful interventions. Results showed that on average interventions reduced incidence roughly from 7 to 6 out of 100 people (17% relative risk reduction (RRR)). Interventions focused on abstinence had no effect, while comprehensive education programs aiming to improve skills and promote safe sexual practices reduced risk by 4 percent (23% RRR). In particular, interventions teaching condom use skills or communication and negotiation skills reduced incidence of STIs by 3 to 4 percent (30% RRR). Finally, interventions decreasing frequency of intercourse or number of sexual partners and interventions increasing condom use also reduced incidence of STIs by 5 to 7 percent (28-36% RRR). Overall properly designed interventions with the above-mentioned characteristics can achieve a 30% reduction of STI incidence. Implications for designing successful interventions to prevent STIs in adolescents are discussed.

An examination of sexual risk behaviors in adolescent substance users

ABSTRACT. Objectives: This study examined the risk for engaging in high-risk sexual behavior associated with substance use in a sample of U.S. adolescents. Methods: The sample (N = 15,425) was obtained via the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, a survey of public high school students. Results: Substance use was associated with sexual risk behaviors, with odds ratios being greatest for adolescents who used cigarettes and illicit substances, as well as those who engaged in injection drug use. Conclusions: Results highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs targeting sexual risk behaviors in substance-using adolescents as a means to decrease the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

Perfil de las estudiantes adolescentes sexualmente activas en colegios secundarios de Lima, Perú.

Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimiento y las actitudes sobre sexualidad y las prácticas sexuales de las estudiantes adolescentes en colegios secundarios de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: fue una encuesta anónima y auto-administrada fue completada por 935 mujeres de 12-19 años como parte de un Modelo de Intervención sobre Educación Sexual en Colegios Secundarios. Las preguntas cubrieron 6 áreas: información socio-demográfica, características de sus familias, actividades personales, actitudes y conocimientos en sexualidad, experiencia sexual y uso de anticonceptivos. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos de sexualidad fue limitado (media=9.9) al ser medido a través de 20 preguntas básicas. Las mujeres conversaban mas sobre sexualidad con sus madres (43%) y con sus pares mujeres (41%). Las actitudes con respecto a la sexualidad y la anticoncepción fueron positivas pero algunas son ambivalentes con respecto al uso de anticonceptivos. El 8% de la muestra ya ha tenido relaciones coitales y la edad del primer coito fue de 14 años. Mientras que el 63% de las estudiantes usaría la píldora, el 74%, también, dió razones para no usarla. La actividad sexual se relacionó a la edad, si repitió de grado, si habla sobre sexualidad con el enamorado o amigo, si sus razones para tener relaciones coitales son “por placer o diversión”, si ha tenido enamorado y si ha tenido mas de 2 enamorados. Conclusiones: Las estudiantes adolescentes en esta muestra tienen un conocimiento limitado en sexualidad y anticoncepción, actitudes ambivalentes en el uso de anticonceptivos, aunque ellas estuvieran en riesgo de un embarazo no planeado o de adquirir una ETS. Estos hallazgos señalan la necesidad de modelos de intervención en colegios y comunidades dirigidos a reducir las actitudes ambivalentes y los comportamientos de riesgo entre las adolescentes con un uso consistente y correcto de los anticonceptivos.

Substance Use and Delinquency

Although there has been a decline in teen pregnancy in recent decades, reports have provided evidence that the decline is reversing. Adolescents involved in the child welfare system (CWS) are vulnerable to engage in high-risk behaviors including sexual behaviors, substance use, and delinquency. The literature on sexual risk behaviors in adolescents in the CWS has emphasized that such behaviors are associated with unplanned pregnancies; however, few studies have explored the co-occurrence of other risk behaviors and sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which substance use and delinquent acts predict teen pregnancy of youths involved with the CWS. The sample consisted of 291 female adolescents in the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being study. Results indicated females who engage in substance use or delinquency at baseline were more likely to have been pregnant 36 months later than those who did not engage in such behaviors.

91. Acceptability to Healthcare Providers of Using Motivational Interviewing Delivered Via Clinician or Computer in Clinical Practice to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescents

91. Acceptability to Healthcare Providers of Using Motivational Interviewing Delivered Via Clinician or Computer in Clinical Practice to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescents

Validation of a Path Model to Prevent Sexual Risk Behavior in Adolescents

Purpose:In this study the fitness of apathmodel onsexual riskbehavior in adolescents was examinedincluding therelationshipof the followingsensation seeking, parent-adolescent communication, exposure topornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, sexual permissiveness, perceived behavioral control, and sexual behavioral intention. Methods:Theparticipantswere354adolescents. Datawereanalyzed usingtheSPSS and AMOS programs. Results: Parent-adolescent communication, exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, and sexual behavioral intention showed a direct effect on sexual risk behavior in adolescents, while sensationseeking,exposuretopornography, friends' attitudestosex, attitudestosexual behavior, sexualpermis- siveness, and perceivedbehavioral control showed anindirect effect onsexual risk behavior inadolescents. The modifiedpath model of adolescent'ssexual risk behavior had agood fit withthe data. Conclusion:Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design intervention programs that emphasize increasing parent- adolescent communication, perceived behavioral control,and sexual behavioral intentionandreducing exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, and sexual permissiveness in order to decrease adolescent's sexual risk behavior.

Co-morbid disorders and sexual risk behavior in Nigerian adolescents with bipolar disorder

BackgroundAdolescent onset bipolar disorder often presents with co-morbid disorders of which psychoactive substance use disorders are notable. Mania symptoms and co-morbid psychoactive substance use disorders prone adolescents with bipolar disorder to impulsivity, impaired judgment, and risk taking behavior which often includes sexual risk behavior. There are dearth of information on pattern of co-morbid disorders and sexual risk behavior in adolescent onset bipolar disorder in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of co-morbid disorders and determined associated factors of sexual risk behavior among adolescents with bipolar disorder.MethodsSocio-demographic information was obtained from the adolescents using socio-demographic questionnaire. Clinical interview, physical examination and laboratory investigations were employed to establish co-morbid disorders in these adolescents during the outpatient follow up visits over a one year period.ResultsA total of forty six (46) adolescents with bipolar disorder were followed up over a one year period. Twenty two (47.8%) of the adolescents had co-morbid disorders with cannabis use disorders, alcohol use disorders, conduct disorder with or without other psychoactive substance use accounting for 23.9%, 8.7%, 13.0% respectively and HIV infection, though a chance finding accounting for 2.2%. Twenty one (45.7%) of the adolescents had positive history of sexual risk behavior, which was significantly associated with presence of co-morbid disorders (p = 0.003), level of religion activities in the adolescents (p = 0.000), and marital status of the parents (p = 0.021).ConclusionWhen planning interventions for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder, special attention may need to be focused on group of adolescents with co-morbid disorders and propensity towards impulsivity and sexual risk behavior. This may help in improving long term outcome in this group of adolescents.

Evaluation of HIV/AIDS secondary school peer education in rural Nigeria

In this study, we assessed whether peer education is an effective method of HIV/AIDS awareness, in terms of knowledge, misconception and behavior, among adolescents in the rural area of Nigeria. A comparative case series (n = 250), cross-sectional structured survey (n = 135) and focus group discussions (n = 80) were undertaken among adolescents. In both the case series and structured survey, a questionnaire was used which addresses the following issues: socio-demography, knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, accessibility to different sources of HIV/AIDS information, stigmatization and sexual behavior. Binary logistic regression was applied to compare responses from the peer-educated and not peer-educated populations. The model was adjusted for confounders. We demonstrated increased knowledge and decreased misconception and sexual risk behavior in adolescents receiving peer education as compared to adolescents not receiving peer education. These differences are apparent both over time (2005-2007) and cross-sectional (2007). In conclusion, peer education in rural areas can be effective in HIV/AIDS prevention. Knowledge and behavior can be influenced positively.